利用磷化渣制备电池级磷酸铁

以含锌磷化渣为原料,先用氢氧化钠浸取制得磷酸钠溶液,再采用萃取法去除该溶液中的微量锌,在净化液中加入六水合氯化铁反应制得磷酸铁产品。实验结果表明：采用氢氧化钠浸取磷化渣,能有效地去除磷化渣中的金属离子,获得含微量锌的磷酸钠溶液,磷酸根的浸取率可达93.97%,磷酸根的总利用率可达78.31%;采用双硫腙与P204萃取剂对该溶液进行萃取,其双萃取剂混合萃锌效果明显优于它们相应的单种萃取剂萃锌效果。在有机相与水相体积比=1∶5时,锌的单级萃取率可达55.39%,产品磷酸铁中锌含量低于30.0 μg/g。研究表明,采用氢氧化钠浸取和双硫腙与P204双萃取剂除杂的方法,可有效回收含锌磷化渣中的磷酸根并制备出电池级磷酸铁。     

Transient analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell unit with reforming and water-shift reaction and the building of neural network model for rapid prediction in electrical and thermal performance

This study investigates the effect of reforming reaction, water-shift reaction, and operating parameters on the transient performance of a solid oxide fuel cell unit, because the transient analysis is necessary and helpful for the applications of a SOFC with cross-flow configuration. The primary results show that all properties approach the steady state at similar time except the cell temperature. The reforming and water-shift reaction obviously promote the average current density by 5%, and lower the maximum cell temperature by 20 K. The molar flow rate variation deduces about 15 K difference of maximum cell temperature. The effect of inlet temperature and operating voltage on the average current density and maximum cell temperature is more obvious than the molar flow rate effect. Moreover, this study builds a neural network model to predict the steady average current density and maximum cell temperature rapidly and correctly, which is helpful for the control of a SOFC.     

Supramolecular Poly(cyclotriphosphazene) Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Polypropylene Composites with Simultaneously Improved Thermal Stability,Flame Retardancy,and Viscoelastic Properties

A novel crosslinkable supramolecular poly(cyclotriphosphazene) functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) is synthesized and melt‐processed with polypropylene (PP), which results in a PP composite with simultaneously improved flame retardancy, smoke‐suppression, and thermal and viscoelastic properties. The cone‐calorimetry test results reveal that the peak heat‐release rate and total heat release of the composite (2 wt% FGO) are reduced by 39.7% and 29.9%, respectively, compared to those of the neat PP. Meanwhile, the total smoke released and total smoke production of PP are significantly (42.7% and 34.9%, respectively) reduced after composite formation with 2 wt% FGO. Similarly, the PP/FGO composite shows an improved maximum weight loss temperature of 392.4 °C, compared to that of neat PP (361.4 °C). Thermogravimetric Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) analysis further confirms that the composite reduces the evolution of the flammable components and toxic gases, especially CO gas, indicating that the FGO significantly decreases the fire hazards of the PP. The thermomechanical and melt‐rheological analyses reveal that the composite has higher mechanical stiffness and viscoelastic properties than the neat polymer. In summary, FGO is shown to have potential as an advanced additive to obtain PP composites with multifunctional properties; however, higher FGO loading would be needed to improve UL‐94 rating from V‐2 to V‐0.     

Iron-Based Nanozymes in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Iron-based nanozymes are currently one of the few clinical inorganic nanoparticles for disease diagnosis and treatment. Overcoming the shortcomings of natural enzymes, such as easy inactivation and low yield, combined with their special nanometer properties and magnetic functions, iron-based nanozymes have broad prospects in biomedicine. This minireview summarizes their preparation, biological activity, catalytic mechanism, and applications in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Finally, challenges to their future development and the trends of iron-based nanozymes are discussed. The purpose of this minireview is to better understand and reasonably speculate on the rational design of iron-based nanozymes as an increasingly important new paradigm for diagnostics.     

不同pH环境下CMS改性纳米铁在异质多孔介质中的迁移

纳米铁在污染土壤和地下水的修复中受到广泛关注。为进一步探究其在多孔介质的迁移行为，本研究采用羧甲基淀粉钠（CMS）对纳米零价铁（nZVI）进行包覆，进行了改性纳米零价铁的沉降试验，测量zeta电位与粒径分布探究其分散性；进行了不同pH条件下改性纳米零价铁在酸洗砂与水洗砂的柱实验，分析了化学异质性与pH对纳米铁在多孔介质迁移的影响。结果表明，CMS包覆纳米铁不仅使纳米颗粒本身稳定，而且还减少其在多孔介质表面沉积，大大提高了迁移性。pH=6～8时，nZVI的zeta电位由18.3mV减小到2.9mV，有效粒径由685nm增大到880nm，稳定性变差；而CMS-nZVI的zeta电位值由-19.7mV增大到-53.5mV，颗粒间静电排斥力增强稳定性变好。经能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）分析，水洗砂表面存在碳、铝、铁等氧化物杂质，这些杂质带有正电荷，会增强与带负电的CMS-nZVI的吸附作用，不利于其迁移；而经过酸洗后的石英砂，其表面杂质大大减少，在pH=8时，CMS-nZVI在酸洗砂最大迁移率为77.0%要好于水洗砂的63.0%。此外较高pH环境有助于增加石英砂介质的表面负电荷，减少颗粒与介质的吸附，促进纳米颗粒的迁移。     

Sulfonated Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO-SO3H): As an Efficient Nanocatalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-7-hydroxy-4H-chromenes Derivatives in Water

Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (RGO-SO₃H) was found to be an efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of a class of 2-amino-3-cyano-7-hydroxy-4H-chromenes derivatives using multicomponent reaction (MCR) of phenols, aldehydes and malononitrile under mild and green conditions. The reaction was performed in water as a green solvent and range of 2-amino-3-cyano-7-hydroxy-4H-chromenes were obtained in good to excellent yields. The RGO-SO₃H was reusable at least 5 times without significant decrease in its catalytic activity.     

Semiconductor‐ionic materials could play an important role in advanced fuel‐to‐electricity conversion

Functional semiconductor‐ionic materials can be used to realize a single component or so‐called “three‐in‐one” fuel cell design. Such materials integrate the functionalities of fuel cell's anode, electrolyte, and cathode into one component. The underlying principle of a single‐component fuel cell design combines material band structures with ionic species/transport. The performance values of such devices could exceed that of traditional fuel cells. This could represent a major progress in fuel cell science and technology and lies grounds for a new direction of fuel cell R&D and commercialization.     

纳米铁的绿色合成及其在环境中的应用研究进展

纳米铁（零价铁及铁氧化物）比表面积大、还原能力强、反应活性高，是一种良好的环境功能材料。传统的纳米铁合成方法中，物理方法对反应所需仪器设备要求较高，化学方法使用的还原剂具有毒性，绿色合成方法能够有效克服传统方法的不足之处。本文首先根据合成途径、纳米铁的类型介绍了利用植物和微生物对纳米零价铁（nZVI）及纳米铁氧化物（IONPs）进行绿色合成的方法，同时论述了制备的纳米铁所表现的特征（如形貌、尺寸、聚集倾向、等电位点）。随后总结了纳米铁通过不同反应机制（吸附、还原、催化氧化）去除环境有机、无机污染物（染料、芳香族化合物、硝酸盐、重金属）的应用。最后指出了纳米铁在绿色合成与实际应用过程中存在的挑战性问题及解决方法，以期为纳米铁今后的深入研究和大规模的工业生产应用提供参考依据。     

料仓皮带机电子秤在烧结生产工艺中的应用--一种模块式计量托辊电子皮带秤的应用实践

烧结生产,是钢铁工业的重要环节。烧结矿生产的各种矿料、燃料、辅料配比和烧结矿成品需要称重计量。烧结料配料与烧结矿成品基本是采用皮带机输送,烧结矿生产物料适宜采用电子皮带秤计量。为简化电子皮带秤的结构,降低安装和维护工作量,可将皮带机的上托辊,采用模块式计量托辊代替,可组合组装成多段计量的电子皮带秤。模块式计量托辊,可安装到原皮带机或原皮带电子秤,替代原托辊或原计量托辊。简化电子皮带秤的结构和安装,减少安装与维护工程量。嵌入式计量托辊模块,为发明专利产品。